Neurophysiologic changes during estrogen augmentation in perimenopausal depression

BackgroundEstrogen augmentation of antidepressant medication has been an effective treatment in a subgroup of women experiencing affective symptoms during perimenopause. It has been suggested that estrogen facilitates serotonergic transmission in brain regions involved in mood disorders. We investigated differences in physiologic brain changes with estrogen augmentation in women with perimenopausal depression who reached remission compared to those who did not reach remission. We also assessed whether such changes were correlated with serum hormone levels.MethodsQuantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) was used to examine neurophysiologic brain changes in remission and non-remission of depressive symptoms. Women with major depressive disorder (MDD) in partial remission who were taking antidepressant medication for a minimum of 8 weeks and were experiencing two or more perimenopausal symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats, irregular periods, memory impairment, vaginal dryness) were recruited from the community. Absolute power, relative power, and QEEG cordance, a measure that has moderately strong associations with cerebral perfusion, were obtained before and after 6 weeks of treatment with 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogen per day.ResultsWomen who experienced remission of depressive symptoms (Ham-D ≤ 7) had a significant decrease in right frontal QEEG cordance (p = 0.008, t(8) = −3.54) which was not present in non-remitters. No significant correlations were found between hormone levels and QEEG cordance.ConclusionIn women with perimenopausal depression, physiologic brain changes in the right frontal region during estrogen augmentation were associated with remission of depression.