Perturbateurs endocriniens environnementaux et cancers hormonodépendants. De nouveaux facteurs de risque ?

The involvement of environmental endocrine disruptors (EED) in hormone dependent carcinogenesis is supported by: (1) in utero exposure to distilbene, a human experimental model which led to vaginal adenocarcinoma in the young daughter and an increased risk of breast cancer after 40 years; (2) epidemiological case/control studies showing although many confounders and methodological biais, a correlation between blood, adipose tissue or tumoral EED levels and hormone dependent cancers (breast cancer and PCB, PAH and dioxine levels; prostate cancer and chlordecone levels; testicular germ cell cancer and of PCB, HCB or chlordane blood levels of the mothers); (3) experimental models able to induce in rodents after fetal or perinatal exposure to diéthylstilbestrol (DES), bisphenol A or atrazine, adult breast or prostate cancers; (4) in vitro malignant cell studies showing how EEDs like bisphenol A are able to interfere with prostate, breast or testicular germ cell proliferation, apoptosis and survey. All these reports suggest a reassessment of EED chemotoxicity during carcinogenesis which needs to include low doses of EEDs with additive or synergistic mixture during critical windows of exposure such as fetal or perinatal periods leading to stable epigenetic modifications which do not change the genetic code but may participate to the malignant transformation and/or promotion.