Role of carnosine in preventing thioacetamide-induced liver injury in the rat

Carnosine (β-alanyl-l-histidine) is a dipeptide with antioxidant properties. Free radicals are involved in the pathogenesis of acute liver injury induced by thioacetamide (TAA). In this study, we investigated the effect of carnosine treatment on TAA-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with TAA (500 mg/kg) and carnosine (250 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) was co-administered with TAA. All animals were killed 24 h after injections. TAA administration resulted in hepatic necrosis, significant increases in plasma transaminase activities as well as hepatic lipid peroxide levels. In addition, hepatic antioxidant system was found to be depressed following TAA administration. When carnosine was co-administered with TAA in rats, plasma transaminase activities were found to approach to normal values in rats. Histological findings also suggested that carnosine has preventive effect on TAA-induced hepatic necrosis. Carnosine treatment caused significant decreases in lipid peroxide levels in TAA-treated rats without any changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants except vitamin E in the liver of rats. Our findings indicate that carnosine, in vivo may have a preventive effect on TAA-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity by acting as an non-enzymatic antioxidant itself.