The nematicidal and proteomic effects of Huanong AVM (analog of avermectin) on the pine-wilt nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Huanong AVM is a novel nematicide, which was synthesized from avermectin by selective oxidization of the hydroxyl group at C-4, followed by the reaction with glacial acetic acid. Effects of Huanong AVM on Bursaphelechus xylophilus are reported in this paper. Huanong AVM had strong nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus, with LC50 values of 14.84 μg/mL, 12.49 μg/mL and 11.05 μg/mL, respectively, at 48 h, 72 h and 96 h after treatment. The proteins that responded to Huanong AVM were identified by proteomic analysis. 2-DE analysis revealed eighteen differentially accumulated protein spots. Five spots were successfully identified by MS analysis, and three Huanong AVM induced proteins were annotated in the database as LEVamisole resistant family member (lev-11), ACTin family member (act-4) and Hypothetical protein Y52B11A.10. Two Huanong AVM-up-regulated proteins were assigned as PIP Kinase family member (ppk-3) and Hypothetical protein B0432.6. These proteins are involved in signal transduction, maintaining cytoskeletal structure and LEVamisole resistance. These results point to pathways that are important for the mode of the action of Huanong AVM on B. xylophilus.