A comparison of the periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes based on glycated haemoglobin levels and other risk factors

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the periodontal status in patients with type 2 diabetes based on glycated haemoglobin levels and other risk factors.Material/methods75 patients with DM2 were grouped according to glycemic control: 40 subjects with HbA1c < 7.0% and 35 subjects with HbA1c ≥ 7.0%. We performed measurements of HbA1c, C-reactive protein (CRP), Approximal Plaque Index (API), Gingival Severity Index (GSI), tooth mobility (TM) as well as periodontal parameters such as probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Age, gender and duration of the disease were analyzed too.ResultsNo significant differences in PD, CAL, API, GSI and TM were found between the analyzed groups. HbA1c positively correlated with CRP (p = 0.046) and the duration of DM2 (p = 0.012) but not with the periodontal parameters. Patients’ age was positively correlated with both the duration of DM2 (p = 0.002) and CAL (p = 0.034). Regardless of HbA1c, men had significantly worse periodontal parameters compared to women (respectively: PD 2.73 mm vs. 2.18 mm, p = 0.01; CAL 3.84 mm vs. 2.54 mm, p = 0.005; proportion of deep pockets 9.06% vs. 2.97%, p = 0.01; proportion of teeth with grade 2 mobility 9.14% vs. 2.8%, p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe selected group of patients attending the Diabetes Outpatient Clinic showed a similar periodontal status with regard to glycated haemoglobin levels and other risk factors except gender. Male gender turned out to be a significant risk factor for periodontal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.