Serum interleukin - 4 and tumor necrosis factor alpha concentrations in children with primary acid gastroesophageal reflux and acid gastroesophageal reflux secondary to cow's milk allergy

The highest mean serum IL-4 and TNF-α concentrations were observed in children with GER secondary to CMA and in children in control group (with cow's milk allergy and/or other food allergy diagnosed - CMA/FA) before the treatment administration.