Comparative pharmacology and cloning of two novel arachnid sodium channels: Exploring the adaptive insensitivity of scorpion to its toxins

Scorpion toxins have been found lacking effect on Na+ current of its own sodium channel, whereas the molecular mechanism remains mystery. In this study, the binding affinity of pharmacologically distinct scorpion toxins was found much weaker to scorpion (Buthus martensii) nerve synaptosomes than to spider (Ornithoctonus huwena) ones. The sodium channel cDNA from these two species were further cloned. The deduced proteins contain 1871 and 1987 amino acids respectively. Several key amino acid substitutions, i.e., A1610V, I1611L and S1617K, are found in IVS3–S4 constituting receptor site-3, and for receptor site-4, two residues (Leu-Pro) are inserted near IIS4 of scorpion sodium channel.