Four new species of Chryseobacterium from the rhizosphere of coastal sand dune plants, Chryseobacterium elymi sp. nov., Chryseobacterium hagamense sp. nov., Chryseobacterium lathyri sp. nov. and Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae sp. nov.

The taxonomic positions of five Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile bacterial strains isolated from the rhizosphere of sand dune plants were examined using a polyphasic approach. The analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that all of the isolates fell into four distinct phylogenetic clusters belonging to the genus Chryseobacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of isolates to mostly related type strains of Chryseobacterium ranged from 97.5% to 98.5%. All strains contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone, and iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and a summed feature of iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1 ω7c as the dominant fatty acids. Combined phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic data supported that they represented four novel species in the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the names Chryseobacterium hagamense sp. nov. (type strain RHA2-9T=KCTC 22545T=NBRC 105253T), Chryseobacterium elymi sp. nov. (type strain RHA3-1T=KCTC 22547T=NBRC 105251T), Chryseobacterium lathyri sp. nov. (type strain RBA2-6T=KCTC 22544T=NBRC 105250T), and Chryseobacterium rhizosphaerae sp. nov. (type strain RSB3-1T=KCTC 22548T=NBRC 105248T) are proposed.