Effects of Madagascar yam extracts, Dioscorea antaly, on embryo-larval development of medaka fish, Oryzias latipes

The yams edible starchy tubers, are of cultural, economic and nutritional importance in tropical and subtropical regions. The present study concerns the analysis at different levels of Dioscorea antaly toxicity to medaka embryo-larval development. The incubation of medaka fish embryos in a medium containing Dioscorea antaly extract resulted in a dose dependent reduction in survival rate. Survival rates were reduced up to 100% with extract concentrations of 4 mg mL−1. The LD50 was estimated to be 0.86 mg mL−1Dioscorea antaly. Anatomopathological studies did not show any caustic effects, irritation to mouth, throat or intestinal tract in surviving embryos but rather an inflammatory reaction in the liver. The data presented in this paper thus extends the use of medaka embryos as a valuable model to analyze the effects of food toxins.