Compatible rhizosphere microbes mediated alleviation of biotic stress in chickpea through enhanced antioxidant and phenylpropanoid activities

The study was conducted to examine efficacy of a rhizospheric microbial consortium comprising of a fluorescent Pseudomonas (PHU094), Trichoderma (THU0816) and Rhizobium (RL091) strain on activation of physiological defense responses in chickpea against biotic stress caused by the collar rot pathogen Sclerotium rolfsii. Results of individual microbes were compared with dual and triple strain mixture treatments with reduced microbial load (1/2 and 1/3rd, respectively, of individual microbial load compared to single microbe application) in the mixtures. Periodical studies revealed maximum activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase [E.C. 4.1.3.5] and polyphenol oxidase [E.C. 1.14.18.1] and accumulation of total phenol content in chickpea in the triple microbe consortium treated plants challenged with the pathogen compared to the single microbe and dual microbial consortia. Similarly, the expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase [E.C.1.15.1.1] and peroxidase [E.C.1.11.1.7] was also highest in the triple microbial consortium which was correlated with lesser lipid peroxidation in chickpea under the biotic stress. Histochemical staining clearly showed maximum and uniform lignification in vascular bundles of chickpea stem sections treated with the triple microbes. The physiological responses were directly correlated with the mortality rate as least plant mortality was recorded in the triple microbe consortium treated plants. The results thus suggest an augmented elicitation of stress response in chickpea under S. rolfsii stress by the triple microbial consortium in a synergistic manner under reduced microbial load.