MALT1 Small Molecule Inhibitors Specifically Suppress ABC-DLBCL In Vitro and In Vivo

SummaryMALT1 cleavage activity is linked to the pathogenesis of activated B cell-like diffuse large B cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL), a chemoresistant form of DLBCL. We developed a MALT1 activity assay and identified chemically diverse MALT1 inhibitors. A selected lead compound, MI-2, featured direct binding to MALT1 and suppression of its protease function. MI-2 concentrated within human ABC-DLBCL cells and irreversibly inhibited cleavage of MALT1 substrates. This was accompanied by NF-κB reporter activity suppression, c-REL nuclear localization inhibition, and NF-κB target gene downregulation. Most notably, MI-2 was nontoxic to mice, and displayed selective activity against ABC-DLBCL cell lines in vitro and xenotransplanted ABC-DLBCL tumors in vivo. The compound was also effective against primary human non-germinal center B cell-like DLBCLs ex vivo.

Graphical AbstractFigure optionsDownload high-quality image (180 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights
► Development of a method for generating active MALT1 paracaspase in vitro
► Identification of MI-2, an irreversible MALT1 inhibitor with nanomolar activity
► MI-2 is nontoxic and effective in suppressing NF-κB signaling and ABC-DLBCL in vivo
► MI-2 suppresses primary human DLBCL cells; hence, MALT1 is a viable therapeutic target