Deletion of p120-Catenin Results in a Tumor Microenvironment with Inflammation and Cancer that Establishes It as a Tumor Suppressor Gene

Summaryp120-catenin (p120ctn) interacts with E-cadherin, but to our knowledge, no formal proof that p120ctn functions as a bona fide tumor suppressor gene has emerged to date. We report herein that p120ctn loss leads to tumor development in mice. We have generated a conditional knockout model of p120ctn whereby mice develop preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions in the oral cavity, esophagus, and squamous forestomach. Tumor-derived cells secrete granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα). The tumors contain significant desmoplasia and immune cell infiltration. Immature myeloid cells comprise a significant percentage of the immune cells present and likely participate in fostering a favorable tumor microenvironment, including the activation of fibroblasts.

► p120ctn is lost or mislocalized in 100% of esophageal squamous cell cancers
► p120ctn loss in the mouse oral cavity and esophagus leads to squamous cancers
► p120ctn loss leads to E-cadherin loss and activation of NFκB, Akt, and Stat-3
► Mouse-derived esophageal cancer cells secrete GM-CSF, M-CSF, MCP-1, and TNFα
► Coculture of immature myeloid cells and wild-type fibroblasts and cancer-associated fibroblasts results in the activation of these fibroblasts and leads to the reciprocal prolonged survival of the immature myeloid cells