Differential significance of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in sporadic mismatch repair deficient versus proficient colorectal cancers: A potential role for dysregulation of the transforming growth factor-β pathway

The prognostic importance of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains controversial. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the role of TILs as prognostic indicators and to investigate the role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in TIL infiltration. Immunohistochemical staining for components in the TGF-β pathway was performed on a tissue microarray of 1420 unselected CRCs with complete clinico-pathological data. Statistical analyses were carried out on samples stratified by mismatch repair (MMR) proficiency status and TIL counts. TIL infiltration was found to correlate with multiple clinico-pathological features but was a prognostic marker only in MMR proficient CRCs. In all CRCs, findings indicative of insensitivity to TGF-β and increased TGF-β secretion were independent predictors of high TIL counts, suggesting that perturbations in the TGF-β signalling pathway play an important role in the recruitment and retention of TILs within CRC epithelium.