IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15: Multistage regulators of CD4+ T helper cell differentiation

• The γc cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and IL-15 regulate immune cell differentiation.
• IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 modulate naïve, effector, and memory CD4+ T-cell function.
• Despite similarities in signaling pathways, these γc cytokines have unique functions.
• IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 signaling pathways are targets of immunotherapeutic strategies.

Cytokines represent a class of environmental factors that are critical drivers of immune cell development. Cytokines of the common gamma-chain family, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, and IL-15, have been the subject of intense experimental scrutiny and have well-defined roles as regulators of diverse immune cell types including CD4+ T helper cells. Because of their pleiotropic effects on T-cell development and function, researchers and clinicians have attempted to harness the capabilities of these cytokines for therapeutic benefit. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these cytokines on CD4+ T cell development and briefly discuss how these immunomodulatory cytokines are being used in efforts to treat human disease.