Ly6C+ monocytes are extrahepatic precursors of hepatic stellate cells in the injured liver of mice

ObjectiveWe previously reported that hepatic stellate cells (HpSCs) are of hematopoietic origin in liver injury. However, the immediate precursors of HpSCs remain unknown. This study was conducted to elucidate whether terminally differentiated blood cells can differentiate into HpSCs.Materials and MethodsWe adoptively transferred a variety of cells isolated from enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)−transgenic mice into carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)−treated nontransgenic mice twice weekly for 2 weeks. We examined the presence of EGFP+ HpSCs in the injured liver using immunofluorescence analysis.ResultsMonocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, B cells, or T cells from EGFP mice were transferred into CCl4-treated mice. Thirty percent of EGFP+ cells in the livers of mice given Ly6Chighc-kit− monocytes were negative for CD45, but were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, desmin, CD146, ADAMTS13, and α-smooth muscle actin, well-known markers of HpSCs. EGFP+CD45− cells were predominantly positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Although 48% of EGFP+ cells were positive for procollagen type I, half of them were CD45−. In the livers of mice given neutrophils, eosinophils, B cells, or T cells, all of the EGFP+ cells were CD45+. The majority of EGFP+ cells in the nonparenchymal cell fraction purified from the livers of mice given Ly6Chighc-kit− monocytes contained lipid droplets and were positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, desmin, ADAMTS13, and procollagen type I. When Ly6C+ monocyte-depleted peripheral blood total nucleated cells were adoptively transferred into CCl4-treated mice, we found no EGFP+CD45− cells in the liver.ConclusionsThese results suggest that Ly6C+ monocytes can become HpSCs in the injured liver.