Didymin, a dietary flavonoid glycoside from citrus fruits, induces Fas-mediated apoptotic pathway in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo

Epidemiological studies provided evidence that the high dietary intake of flavonoids with fruits and vegetables could be associated with lower cancer prevalence in humans. Didymin, a dietary flavonoid glycoside from citrus fruits, possesses antioxidant properties. This study first investigates the anticancer effect of didymin in human non-small-cell lung cancer A549 and H460 cells. To identity the anticancer mechanism of didymin, we assayed its effect on apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and levels of p53, p21/WAF1, Fas/APO-1 receptor, and Fas ligand. The results showed that didymin-induced apoptosis of A549 and H460 cells without mediation of p53 and p21/WAF1. We suggest that Fas/Fas ligand apoptotic system is the main pathway of didymin-mediated apoptosis of A549 and H460 cells. Importantly, a novel chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer, and is supported by animal studies which have shown didymin delay the tumor growth in nude mice. Our study reports here for the first time that the activity of the Fas/Fas ligand apoptotic system may participate in the antiproliferative activity of didymin in A549 and H460 cells.