Establishment of experimental conditions for preserving samples of fish blood for analysis with both comet assay and flow cytometry

When environmental analysis is performed, the high number of samples required and handling conditions during the transport of these samples to the laboratory are common problems. The comet assay is a useful, highly sensitive tool in biomonitoring. Some studies in the literature aim to preserve slides in lysis solution for use in the comet assay. Until now, however, no efficient methodology for preserving blood samples for this assay has been described. Because of this, the present report aimed to establish the proper conditions for samples maintenance prior to comet assay analysis. Samples were conserved in three different solutions: a high protein concentration solution (fetal bovine serum—FBS), an anticoagulant agent (a calcium chelator – ethylenediaminetetracetic acid – EDTA), and a salt buffered solution (phosphate buffered saline—PBS). Therefore, peripheral blood samples of Rhamdia quelen specimens were collected and maintained in these solutions until testing at 72 h. Analyses of DNA fragmentation via the comet assay and cell viability via flow cytometry were performed at intervals of 24 h. The results showed that samples maintained in FBS were preserved better; this was followed by those preserved in PBS and then last by those preserved in EDTA. In conclusion, blood samples from freshwater fish can be preserved up to 48 h in fetal bovine serum at 4 °C in the absence of light. In this period, no DNA fragmentation occurs. We thus describe an excellent method of sample conservation for subsequent analysis in the laboratory.