Primary primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the cervix confirmed with molecular analysis in a 23-year-old woman: A case report

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor (PNET) of the genital tract is very rare, especially in the cervix. A case report of a young woman with a diagnosis of PNET originating from the uterine cervix is presented here.A 23-year-old woman presented with abnormal uterine bleeding and sharp lower abdominal pain of two months duration. CT and MRI of the abdomen and thorax revealed the presence of a large mass in the uterine cervix, enlarged pelvic lymph nodes and broncho-pulmonary infiltrations with regional nodes. Pathological examination of the tumor revealed a malignant neoplasm composed predominantly of small cells, immunohistochemically positive for CD99, vimentin and c-Kit. Molecular testing demonstrated the expression of EWS/FLI1 fusion transcripts corresponding to the t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation, which confirmed the diagnosis of PNET of the uterine cervix. Despite surgical excision and administration of the first cycle of adjuvant chemotherapy, the patient died from multiple-organ failure and cardiac arrest.PNET arising from the genital tract, especially in the uterine cervix, is very rare and presents a diagnostic challenge. A timely confirmation with molecular analysis is essential for the diagnosis of such a tumor at an unusual site as in the present case.