An anthropomorphic phantom study of visualisation of surgical clips for partial breast irradiation (PBI) setup verification

Surgical clips were investigated for partial breast image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Small titanium clips were insufficiently well visualised. Medium tantalum clips were best for megavoltage IGRT and small tantalum clips were best for floor mounted kilovoltage IGRT (ExacTrac™). Both small tantalum and medium titanium clips were suitable for isocentric kilovoltage IGRT.