Role of IL-15 in immune-mediated and infectious diseases

IL-15 has a broad spectrum of biological activities. It is crucial for the development, proliferation, survival and differentiation of multiple cells from both innate and adaptive immune systems. However, IL-15 up-regulation has a central role in the development of several autoimmune or chronic inflammatory disorders. Therefore, targeting IL-15 or its receptor may have a valuable impact on the treatment of immune-mediated diseases. On the other hand, in some infectious diseases, IL-15 production is compromised but IL-15 given exogenously can potentially enhance immune responses to pathogens. Here, we discuss the current understanding of IL-15 role in immune-mediated and infectious diseases as well as its therapeutic use.