Prevention of skin flap necrosis by use of adipose-derived stromal cells with light-emitting diode phototherapy

Background aimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of low-level light therapy (LLLT) on transplanted human adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) in the skin flap of mice.MethodsLLLT, ASC transplantation and ASC transplantation with LLLT (ASC + LLLT) were applied to the skin flap. Immunostaining and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate cell survival and differentiation and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor by the ASCs. Vascular regeneration was assessed by means of immunostaining in addition to hematoxylin and eosin staining. In the ASC + LLLT group, the survival of ASCs was increased as the result of the decreased apoptosis of ASCs.ResultsThe secretion of growth factors was higher in this group as compared with ASCs alone. ASCs contributed to tissue regeneration through vascular cell differentiation and secretion of angiogenic growth factors. The ASC + LLLT group displayed improved treatment efficacy including neovascularization and tissue regeneration compared with ASCs alone. Transplanting ASCs to ischemic skin flaps improved therapeutic efficacy for ischemia treatment as the result of enhanced cell survival and paracrine effects.ConclusionsThese data suggest that LLLT is an effective biostimulator of ASCs in vascular regeneration, which enhances the survival of ASCs and stimulates the secretion of growth factors in skin flaps.