Formation of cholinergic synapse-like specializations at developing murine muscle spindles

• We examined synapse-like specializations in developing muscle spindles.
• Sensory- and motoneurons are specialized at the myo-neural contact site.
• The contact sites contain aggregates of AChRs, VChAT, ChAT and bassoon.
• At γ-motoneuron endplates AChRs undergo a γ-to-ε switch.
• At adult sensory nerve endings the fetal- and adult-type of AChRs are present.

Muscle spindles are complex stretch-sensitive mechanoreceptors. They consist of specialized skeletal muscle fibers, called intrafusal fibers, which are innervated in the central (equatorial) region by afferent sensory axons and in both polar regions by efferent γ-motoneurons. We show that AChRs are concentrated at the γ-motoneuron endplate as well as in the equatorial region where they colocalize with the sensory nerve ending. In addition to the AChRs, the contact site between sensory nerve ending and intrafusal muscle fiber contains a high concentration of choline acetyltransferase, vesicular acetylcholine transporter and the AChR-associated protein rapsyn. Moreover, bassoon, a component of the presynaptic cytomatrix involved in synaptic vesicle exocytosis, is present in γ-motoneuron endplates but also in the sensory nerve terminal. Finally, we demonstrate that during postnatal development of the γ-motoneuron endplate, the AChR subunit stoichiometry changes from the γ-subunit-containing fetal AChRs to the ε-subunit-containing adult AChRs, similar and approximately in parallel to the postnatal subunit maturation at the neuromuscular junction. In contrast, despite the onset of ε-subunit expression during postnatal development the γ-subunit remains detectable in the equatorial region by subunit-specific antibodies as well as by analysis of muscle spindles from mice with genetically-labeled AChR γ-subunits. These results demonstrate an unusual maturation of the AChR subunit composition at the annulospiral endings and suggest that in addition to the recently described glutamatergic secretory system, the sensory nerve terminals are also specialized for cholinergic synaptic transmission, synaptic vesicle storage and exocytosis.