The serine/threonine kinase dPak is required for polarized assembly of F-actin bundles and apical–basal polarity in the Drosophila follicular epithelium

During epithelial development cells become polarized along their apical–basal axis and some epithelia also exhibit polarity in the plane of the tissue. Mutations in the gene encoding a Drosophila Pak family serine/threonine kinase, dPak, disrupt the follicular epithelium that covers developing egg chambers during oogenesis. The follicular epithelium normally exhibits planar polarized organization of basal F-actin bundles such that they lie perpendicular to the anterior–posterior axis of the egg chamber, and requires contact with the basement membrane for apical–basal polarization. During oogenesis, dPak becomes localized to the basal end of follicle cells and is required for polarized organization of the basal actin cytoskeleton and for epithelial integrity and apical–basal polarity. The receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase Dlar and integrins, all receptors for extracellular matrix proteins, are required for polarization of the basal F-actin bundles, and for correct dPak localization in follicle cells. dpak mutant follicle cells show increased βHeavy-spectrin levels, and we speculate that dPak regulation of βHeavy-spectrin, a known participant in the maintenance of membrane domains, is required for correct apical–basal polarization of the membrane. We propose that dPak mediates communication between the basement membrane and intracellular proteins required for polarization of the basal F-actin and for apical–basal polarity.