Regulation of Stem Cells by Intersecting Gradients of Long-Range Niche Signals

SummaryWe have used Drosophila ovarian follicle stem cells (FSCs) to study how stem cells are regulated by external signals and draw three main conclusions. First, the spatial definition of supportive niche positions for FSCs depends on gradients of Hh and JAK-STAT pathway ligands, which emanate from opposite, distant sites. FSC position may be further refined by a preference for low-level Wnt signaling. Second, hyperactivity of supportive signaling pathways can compensate for the absence of the otherwise essential adhesion molecule, DE-cadherin, suggesting a close regulatory connection between niche adhesion and niche signals. Third, FSC behavior is determined largely by summing the inputs of multiple signaling pathways of unequal potencies. Altogether, our findings indicate that a stem cell niche need not be defined by short-range signals and invariant cell contacts; rather, for FSCs, the intersection of gradients of long-range niche signals regulates the longevity, position, number, and competitive behavior of stem cells.

► The JAK-STAT pathway is a major regulator of Drosophila follicle stem cells
► Wnt signaling in follicle stem cells (FSCs) opposes FSC establishment
► A hierarchy of several signaling pathways combine quantitatively to regulate FSCs
► FSC position is determined principally by graded long-range signals