The exp1 gene essential for pileus expansion and autolysis of the inky cap mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea (Coprinus cinereus) encodes an HMG protein

The homobasidiomycete Coprinopsis cinerea is a member of the fungi known as inky cap mushrooms, and its fruiting-body pileus autolyzes soon after completion of the development. During the last 3 h of the development, the pileus exhibits umbrella-like expansion: the pileal tissue is cracked at the base of each gill and then each gill tissue is split to form a V-shape, as seen in a cross section. We identified two C. cinerea mutants defective in both pileus expansion and autolysis. The defects in both mutants are due to recessive mutations in a single gene, designated exp1. The exp1 gene is predicted to encode an HMG1/2-like protein with two HMG domains. The transcription of exp1 is strongly induced in the pileus 3 h before pileus expansion. This result, together with the fact that the exp1 mutations cause a specific developmental phenotype, suggest that Exp1 is a novel, transcriptional regulator controlling the final phase of fruiting-body morphogenesis.