Adipocyte biology in polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy that is associated with an adverse metabolic profile including insulin resistance. There is a clear association between obesity, the development of PCOS and the severity of its phenotypic, biochemical and metabolic features. Evidence to support this link includes data from epidemiological, pathophysiological and genetic studies. Given the importance of obesity in the development and manifestation of PCOS, ongoing research into the many facets of adipocyte biology in women with the condition is important and should continue to be a priority. In this review article, we discuss the existing literature on fat distribution, adipokines, adipocyte hypertrophy and adipocyte steroid metabolism in women with PCOS.

► The association of PCOS with obesity is corroborated by genetic data.
► Obese women with PCOS manifest a global distribution of adiposity.
► PCOS features adipocyte hypertrophy and post-insulin receptor insulin resistance.
► The development of PCOS is influenced by 5α-reductase activity.