Synthesis of high porous electrospun hollow TiO2 nanofibers for bone tissue engineering application

• Coaxial electrospinning is used to upload sufficient amount of CaCO3 through TiO2 fibers.
• Salt etching technique is used to fabricate porous TiO2 hollow tube.
• Kebabs like CPC were formed on nonporous composite nanorod during SBF incubation.
• Spherical CPC were formed on porous TiO2 nanotube during SBF incubation.
• Better cell spread on the cell culture was observed for porous TiO2 nanotube in comparison to others.

Highly porous, hollow TiO2 nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated through coaxial nozzle electrospinning using a polymer sol–gel solution of CaCO3 and TiO2 precursor. Hollow and porous TiO2 NFs were obtained by etching CaCO3 on calcined TiO2 fibers using dilute HCl. Characterization of the as-synthesized materials were performed using FE-SEM and XRD before and after 24 h of bio-mineralization. The in vitro cell culture test was performed using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells to assess cell response of the different NFs. The results suggested that as-synthesized porous nanotubes have better biocompatibility for bone regeneration and implantations compared to other nonporous TiO2 nanorods or NFs.

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