Evidence of a relational spatial strategy in learning the centre of enclosures in human children (Homo sapiens)

Three- to five-year-old children were trained to localize a sensor hidden underneath the floor, in the centre of a square-shaped enclosure (1.5 m × 1.5 m). Walking over the sensor caused a pleasant music to be played in the environment, thus engaging children in a playful spatial search. Children easily learned to find the centre of the training environment starting from random positions. After training, children were tested in enclosures of different size and/or shape: a larger square-shaped enclosure (3 m × 3 m), a rectangle-shaped enclosure (1.5 m × 3 m), an equilateral triangle-shaped enclosure (side 3 m) and an isosceles triangle-shaped enclosure (base 1.5 m; sides 3 m). Children searched in the central region of the enclosures, their precision varying as a function of the similarity of the testing enclosure's shape to the shape of the training enclosure. This suggests that a relational spatial strategy was used, and that it depended on the encoding of geometrical shape. This result highlights a distinctive role of the geometric centre of enclosed spaces in place learning in children, as already observed in nonhuman species.