The diagnosis of brucellosis in sheep and goats, old and new tools

The only unequivocal method for diagnosing sheep and goats infection due to Brucella melitensis is bacterial isolation on appropriate culture media (i.e. the Farrell and modified Thayer-Martin selective media). PCR based on different molecular markers (16S rRNA, bscp31, IS 6501/711) has been shown to be a valuable method for detecting Brucella DNA and provides a promising option. For large-scale surveillance/eradication purpose, the Rose-Bengal and Complement Fixation tests (CFTs) remain the most reliable serological tests. Indirect and competitive ELISAs and FPA are promising, but need further evaluation and standardisation before being used at large scale.