Oleic acid nanoemulsion for nasal vaccination: Impact on adjuvanticity based immune response

Subunit vaccine formulations with enhanced potency are vital to improve immune response against weak antigens and also promote dose sparing of adjuvant and antigens that may cause undesirable side effects. Recently particulate delivery systems are under exploration to enhance antigen specific immunity. Oleic acid a potential biomaterial in terms of penetration is used for formulating nanoemulsion for nasal vaccination. In this study influence of oleic acid nanoemulsion on antigen uptake and role in dendritic cells activation is studied. Formulation conditions were optimized to produce a stable nanoemulsion at lowest surfactant concentration (2%). Penetration enhancement of oleic acid nanoemulsion was evaluated using cell uptake study by Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated OVA on A549 cell line. Here, we report strong class switched, high avidity humoral and cellular (cytokine) immune response elicited by vaccine delivery system with antigen and adjuvant. Flowcytometry analysis showed enhanced expression of activated dendritic cells on 45th day compared to soluble antigen. These data suggest that oleic acid formulation enhances penetration, sustain release of antigen and stimulates both cellular and humoral immune response.

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