Endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by Hancornia speciosa in rat superior mesenteric artery

The vasodilator effect of the ethanolic extract of leaves from Hancornia speciosa Gomes (HSE) was evaluated in superior mesenteric artery rings. HSE produced a concentration-dependent vasodilation (IC50=10.8±4.0 μg/mL) in arterial rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine, which was completely abolished in endothelium-denuded vessels. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation induced by HSE was strongly reduced by l-NAME (100 μM), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, but neither by atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist (1 μM), nor by indomethacin (10 μM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. In rings pre-contracted with 80 mM KCl, the vasodilator effect of HSE was shifted to the right and was completely abolished in the presence of l-NAME (100 μM). Similar effects were obtained in mesenteric rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine in the presence of KCl 25 mM alone or in addition to 100 μM l-NAME. In addition, BaCl2 (1 mM) dramatically reduced the vasodilation induced by HSE. Together, these findings led us to conclude that HSE induces an endothelium-dependent vasodilation in rat mesenteric artery, by a mechanism dependent on NO, on the activation of potassium channels and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor release. Rutin, identified as a major peak in the HPLC fingerprint obtained for HSE, might contribute for the observed vasodilator effect, since it was able to induce an endothelium-dependent vasodilation in rat superior mesenteric arteries.