کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
250192 502656 2007 11 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Modeling water consumption and flow rates for flushing water systems in high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong
موضوعات مرتبط
مهندسی و علوم پایه مهندسی انرژی انرژی های تجدید پذیر، توسعه پایدار و محیط زیست
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Modeling water consumption and flow rates for flushing water systems in high-rise residential buildings in Hong Kong
چکیده انگلیسی

The probable maximum flow rates and flushing water consumption of a residential development are two crucial design factors for flushing water plants and evaluation of the risk of overloading them. Flushing water demands are transient and influenced by occupant load variations, occupant usage patterns, installed appliances and system commissioning. This study proposes mathematical expressions to determine the water consumption and flow rates for flushing water systems of residential buildings in Hong Kong. The model parameters were identified from a recent survey on the water closet (WC) usage patterns of 14 high-rise residential buildings. The occupant load factor, diurnal variation of flushing, discharge and refilling durations and volume of the WC cistern recorded from 597 households were used to determine the uncertainties of consumption and flow rates, and hence the risk of overloading a plant. Predictions were made for two typical residential buildings in Hong Kong. Good agreement between the predicted and the measured flushing water consumption was found. This model would be useful in calculating the capacity of a flushing water plant and the associated risk of overloading it.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Building and Environment - Volume 42, Issue 5, May 2007, Pages 2024–2034
نویسندگان
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