Different effect of acute treatment with rosiglitazone on rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by administration method

The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of rosiglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonist, using different administration methods, on rat myocardial infarct size induced by 30 min of ischemia followed by 4 h of reperfusion. The infarct size was significantly reduced by the continuous infusion of rosiglitazone (0.5 mg/kg/h) from 30 min before occlusion for 2 h. On the other hand, limitation of the infarct size was shown by a bolus injection of 0.75 mg/kg at 5 min before reperfusion, but not by a bolus injection of 1 mg at 30 min before occlusion. The protective effect of rosiglitazone by the bolus injection before occlusion was obtained when an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, was concomitantly administered. The cardioprotection by rosiglitazone was associated with the inhibition of increased myeloperoxidase activity, tumor necrosis factor-α content and phosphorylation of inhibitor κB in the myocardium. The present study demonstrated that the protective effect of rosiglitazone on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury occurred most likely by inhibition of the nuclear factor-κB pathway through PPAR-γ activation. However, acute treatment with rosiglitazone is harmful if its concentration is high during ischemia.