Glucagon increases contractility in ventricle but not in atrium of the rat heart

This study evaluates the inotropic responses to glucagon in electrically driven isolated left and right atria as well as in right ventricular strips of rat heart. For comparison, the contractile effects resulting from stimulating β-adrenoceptors with isoprenaline in atrial and ventricular tissues were also obtained.Glucagon (0.01–1 μM) produces a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect in ventricular but not in atrial myocardium. Isoprenaline, however, increases contractility both in atrial and ventricular tissues. The nonselective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor 3-isobutylmethylxantine (IBMX, 10 μM) enhances the contractile effect of glucagon on ventricular myocardium. However, glucagon still failed to increase contractility in atrial myocardium in the presence of 10 μM, IBMX. Also, in left atria of rats pretreated with pertussis toxin, glucagon did not produce any positive inotropic effect, either alone or in the presence of 10 μM, IBMX. Western blotting analysis indicates that glucagon receptors expression is 5 times higher in ventricular than in atrial myocardium. Taken together, these results indicate that the lack of inotropic effect of glucagon in atrium is not due to Gi protein or PDEs activity but seems to be a consequence of a lower glucagon receptor density in this tissue.