NMDA receptor antagonists antagonize the facilitatory effects of post-training intra-basolateral amygdala NMDA and physostigmine on passive avoidance learning

In the present study, the effects of post-training intra-basolateral amygdala (BLA) injection of an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist and competitive or noncompetitive antagonists, on memory retention of passive avoidance learning was measured in the presence and absence of physostigmine in rats. Intra-BLA administration of lower doses of NMDA (10− 5 and 10− 4 μg/rat) did not affect memory retention, although higher doses of the drug (10− 3, 10− 2 and 10− 1 μg/rat) increased memory retention. The greatest response was obtained with 10− 1 μg/rat of the drug. The different doses of the competitive NMDA receptor antagonist DL-AP5 (1, 3.2 and 10 μg/rat) and noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 (0.5, 1 and 2 μg/rat) decreased memory retention in rats dose dependently. Both competitive and noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists reduced the effect of NMDA (10− 2 μg/rat). In another series of experiments, intra-BLA injection of physostigmine (2, 3 and 4 μg/rat) improved memory retention. Post-training co-administration of lower doses of NMDA (10− 5 and 10− 4 μg/rat) and physostigmine (1 μg/rat), doses which were ineffective when given alone, significantly improved the retention latency. The competitive and noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists, DL-AP5 and MK-801, decreased the effect of physostigmine (2 μg/rat). Atropine decreased memory retention by itself and potentiated the response to DL-AP5 and MK-801. It may be concluded that amygdalar NMDA receptor mechanisms interact with cholinergic systems in the modulation of memory.