Nitrogen losses from intensive livestock farming systems in Southeast Asia: A review of current trends and mitigation options

Under growing and urbanizing demand, livestock production is rapidly evolving in Southeast Asia, with both an increase of production and a shift to intensive production systems. These changes affect manure management practices and related nitrogen emissions, causing acute environmental degradation. Among mitigation options, the reconnection of livestock production to its land base is seen as promising. Its achievement involves a better geographical distribution of livestock operations and the reduction of transaction costs related to manure transfers.