Family Violence Assessment Practices of Pediatric ED Nurses and Physicians

BackgroundRecommendations by the ENA and other professional organizations have not resulted in widespread adoption of routine assessment for family violence such as child abuse and intimate partner violence. The aim of this qualitative study was to use a theory-driven approach to explore the salient beliefs and attitudes of nurses and physicians related to routine assessment of child abuse and intimate partner violence in the pediatric emergency department.MethodsNurse and physician participants from a large Midwestern pediatric trauma center responded to a series of open-ended questions designed to identify positive or negative attitudes toward family violence assessment, approving or disapproving beliefs about family violence assessment, and the perception of ease or difficulty in performing family violence assessment.ResultsRespondents valued early identification and the associated health benefits of keeping pediatric patients safe, as well as linking at-risk families to community resources. They believe that victims, health care organizations, and some providers approve of routine family violence assessment but also believe that some providers and families who value privacy disapprove. Previously identified barriers and facilitators to family violence assessment were confirmed by participants. A finding unique to this study was that participants expressed the belief that routine family violence assessment offers more complete health care to children.DiscussionParticipants viewed child abuse and intimate partner violence as an event in a child's life that affects the child's health. Participants valued the benefits of routine family violence assessment; however, translating these value beliefs into practice remains elusive. A theoretical framework may provide insight into yet unidentified aspects of known barriers and facilitators.