The outdoor microclimate benefits and energy saving resulting from green roofs retrofits

• Benefits on the local microclimate of green roof retrofits are reviewed.
• Building energy saving resulting with different extensive green roof retrofits are compared.
• The case study of the main building of a university campus in Toronto, Canada, is considered.
• Results confirm the potential of green roofs as urban heat island mitigation strategies.
• Building energy demand reduction by 3% were obtained, mainly through a heating demand reduction.

This paper focuses on the benefits on the local microclimate and the building energy saving resulting from green roof retrofits. The research investigates a case study located in a university campus in Toronto, Canada. After completing a detailed energy audit of the building, an assessment of the benefits resulting from the installation of an extensive green roof was performed. A virtual model validated using multiyear data of a local network of different weather stations was used to simulate the effects of the green roof retrofit over the outdoor microclimate. Then, a building energy model was used to compare the energy saving of several green roof designs. Results indicate that increasing the leaf area index (LAI) would lead to an increased cooling effect of the air temperature up to 0.4 °C during the day at pedestrian level, while a more significant temperature reduction would be obtained only at the rooftop level. This confirms the potential of green roofs as urban heat island mitigation strategy. The adoption of a green roof retrofit resulted in a building energy demand reduction by 3%, and in significantly improved indoor comfort levels in the floor below the green roof. Finally, the parametric analysis of different green roof options showed that for building energy savings, increasing the soil depth is more important than increasing the LAI.