Active thermal insulators: Finite elements modeling and parametric study of thermoelectric modules integrated into a double pane glazing system

Active thermal insulators (ATI) represent a new thermal control technology that uses solar energy to compensate for the passive heat losses or gains in building envelopes. This effect is accomplished by integrating photovoltaic (PV) and thermoelectric (TE) systems into a wall assembly. A parametric study is presented considering the implementation of TE-modules into the air cavity of a double pane glazing system. The main objectives of this study are to explore design configurations that maximize the coefficient of performance (COP) of the TE-heat pump units, and maximize the ability of the system to perform as a heating and cooling system for use in buildings. A finite elements model (FEM) was developed and experimentally validated to calculate the steady-state heat transfer for the ATI-system. A parametric study was undertaken to determine: (i) suitable TE-modules for this application, (ii) the optimal spreading of the TE-heat pumps, and (iii) the composition of the double glazing unit. The results of our study indicate that the system can be properly designed for heating purposes, however, a more optimal design will need to be realized in order to make the approach effective for cooling applications.