Radiologic Advances in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer in females between the age of 15 and 54, and the second leading cause of death in women in the United States. Diagnosis begins with detection by breast examination (clinical breast examination or breast self-examination) or by radiologic studies, such as mammography. Many advances in the diagnosis of breast cancer have taken place in the past 20 years. This article reviews the history of radiologic advances in the diagnosis of breast cancer. Use of technological advancements in digital radiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound in breast cancer diagnosis are presented. Advantages and disadvantages of these diagnostic interventions compared with older, traditional X-ray films are discussed. It is important for radiology nurses to be well informed about these varied diagnostic modalities, and appreciate the fact that advances in radiologic imaging technologies can yield improved outcomes for breast cancer patients.