Oxygen Administration in the Neonate

The use of supplemental oxygen is one of the most common interventions in the care of sick and premature neonates. Despite the long history of use, there continues to be significant controversy and confusion regarding the appropriate use of this drug. A review of relevant history, positive contribution, and known and theoretical risks is useful in considering the benefits and risks of oxygen therapy. Administration considerations, including methods of delivery, gas conditioning, monitoring of oxygenation status, and dosing issues, are reviewed in light of current evidence. Recommendations for further study are suggested.