Proposed Mechanisms for Cancer- and Treatment-Related Cognitive Changes

ObjectivesTo review the proposed mechanisms of cognitive changes associated with non-central nervous system cancers and cancer treatment.Data SourcesReview and synthesis of databased publications and review articles.ConclusionProposed mechanisms include cytokine upregulation, hormonal changes, neurotransmitter dysregulation, attentional fatigue, genetic predisposition, and comorbid symptoms.Implications for Nursing PracticeOncology nurses need to understand the multiple mechanisms that may contribute to the development of cancer- and treatment-related cognitive changes so that they can identify patients at high risk and help patients understand why these changes occur.