Atorvastatin Treatment and Carotid Plaque Morphology in First-ever Atherosclerotic Transient Ischemic Attack/Stroke: A Case–Control Study

BackgroundA relationship between echolucency of carotid plaques and the consequent risk of ipsilateral ischemic stroke has been observed. An aggressive lipid-lowering therapy may increase the echogenicity of carotid plaque in patients with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The aim of this study is to prospectively evaluate the long-term effect of high-dose atorvastatin on carotid plaque morphology in patients with first-ever transient ischemic attack or stroke.MethodsAll patients with symptomatic first ischemic atherosclerotic cerebrovascular event occurred within the previous 10 days were enrolled. Carotid Doppler ultrasound of the neck vessels with 7-11 MHz probe for the definition of the atherosclerotic carotid framework was performed. The analysis of the gray-scale median (GSM) of each plate was carried out with image processing software.ResultsA total of 240 symptomatic plaques were included and divided into 3 groups: 80 in group A (atorvastatin 80 mg), 80 in group B (atorvastatin 40 mg), and 80 to group C (no atorvastatin). GSM score increases significantly more extensive in group A than in group B (+48.65 vs. +39.46, P < .02) and group C (+48.65 vs. 19.3, P = .0002). An inverse association between reduction of low-density lipoprotein and the increase in the GSM score (r = −.456, P = .007) has been observed. Moreover, the reduction of high-sensitive C-reactive protein correlates inversely with the increase of the GSM (r = −.398, P = .021).ConclusionsDose-dependent effect of atorvastatin on symptomatic carotid plaque morphology may suggest a specific role of this drug in the atherosclerotic stroke prevention.