Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome 3 Months after Blood Transfusion

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is characterized by the prolonged but reversible constriction of cerebral arteries accompanied by a sudden onset of severe headache, and is sometimes complicated by subarachnoid hemorrhage or cerebral infarction. It is associated with various clinical conditions and treatments, although the precise pathophysiology is not understood. In particular, several cases of this syndrome have been described to occur in middle-aged women within 1 week of a blood transfusion. We encountered a patient with a reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome who became symptomatic 3 months after a blood transfusion. No other cause for the syndrome was found. This case suggests that the risk for the reversible cerebral vasoconstriction may persist for months after blood transfusion.