What's new in the prevention of infective endocarditis?

The concept of prophylaxis of infective endocarditis has changed substantially in recent years; currently, prophylaxis is recommended only in patients at highest risk of developing infective endocarditis who are scheduled for dental procedures involving the gingiva. The risk is also increased in individuals with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter/defibrillators. Other high-risk populations include polymorbid patients (diabetes mellitus or chronic hemodialysis), the elderly (particularly those aged 75–79 years), and males. In indicated cases, the drugs used in prevention include amoxycillin or ampicillin.