Clinical aspects of endocrinology: parathyroid and adrenal gland disorders

The parathyroid glands are responsible for calcium homeostasis, which is necessary for appropriate functioning of the musculoskeletal and nervous system. Parathyroid adenoma remains the most common indication for surgery.The adrenal cortex is mainly responsible for secretion of mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and androgens whereas the medulla consists of pre-ganglionic sympathetic ganglion, which secretes epinephrine, nor-epinephrine and dopamine. Adrenocortical disease results in disturbance of water balance, electrolytes, cardiovascular instability and metabolic disturbances.