Agent-based input–output interdependency model

The modeling and analysis of critical infrastructures and their interdependencies are essential to discovering hidden vulnerabilities and the related threats to national and international security. Over the past few years, several approaches have been proposed to address this problem. The so-called holistic approaches are relatively abstract, but are easily validated using real economic data. Other approaches based on agent-based models provide deeper views of the interdependencies existing between subsystems of different infrastructures. However, agent-based models are often difficult to validate because quantitative data of the appropriate granularity may not be available.This paper presents an agent-based input–output inoperability model designed to overcome the limitations of the holistic and agent-based paradigms. In order to provide a detailed and expressive framework, the exchange of resources between infrastructures is explicitly modeled while inoperability becomes an internal parameter. Nevertheless, the model is easily transformed into a fine-grained, input–output inoperability model whose coefficients can be obtained based on real data.