The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on leukotriene B4 and leukotriene B5 production from stimulated neutrophil granulocytes in patients with chronic kidney disease

The proinflammatory leukotriene B4 (LTB4) may be of importance in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We investigated whether n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decrease LTB4 and increase the formation of the less inflammatory leukotriene B5 (LTB5) in patients with CKD.Fifty-six patients with CKD stage 2–5 were randomised to 2.4 g n-3 PUFA or olive oil for 8 weeks. Compared to controls, n-3 PUFA significantly decreased release of LTB4 (p<0.001) and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) (p<0.01) and significantly increased release of LTB5 (p<0.001) and 5-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (5-HEPE) (p<0.001) from stimulated neutrophil granulocytes. Kidney function evaluated by creatinine clearance and proteinuria did not improve. In conclusion, n-3 PUFA supplementation for 8 weeks in patients with CKD stage 2–5 significantly decreased LTB4 and 5-HETE and significantly increased LTB5 and 5-HEPE. No effect was seen on kidney function.