Hepatocarcinoma cell-derived hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) induces regulatory T cells

• PolyIC increases the expression of HDGF in CCL-9.1 cells.
• CCL-9.1 cells induce Foxp3+ T cells in the presence of PolyIC.
• HDGF increases Foxp3 and decreases GATA3 in CD4+ T cells.
• HDGF-induced Foxp3+ T cells suppress the CD8+ T cell activities.

Background and aimsIt is suggested that regulatory immune cells play a critical role in cancer cell growth by facilitating cancer cells to escape from the immune surveillance. The generation of the immune regulatory cells in cancer has not been fully understood yet. This study aims to investigate the role of the hepatoma-derived growth factor (HDGF) in the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg).MethodsCCL-9.1 cells (A mouse hepatoma cell line), were cultured. The expression of HDGF in CCL-9.1 cells was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. The generation of Foxp3+ T cells was assessed by cell culture and flow cytometry. The immune suppressor function of the Foxp3+ T cells on CD8+ T cell activities was assessed by the carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-dilution assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsThe results showed that exposure to PolyIC markedly increased the expression of HDGF in CCL-9.1 cells. Coculture of CCL-9.1 cells and CD4+ CD25− T cells in the presence of PolyIC generated the Forkhead box protein (Foxp)3+ T cells. The exposure to HDGF increased the expression of Foxp3 and decreased the expression of GATA3 in CD4+ T cells. After activation, the Foxp3+ T cells suppressed the CD8+ T cell proliferation and the release of the cytotoxic cytokines.ConclusionsLiver cancer cell-derived HDGF can induce Foxp3+ T cells; the latter has the immune suppressor functions on CD8+ T cell activities.