Splenectomy changes the pattern of cytokine production in β-thalassemic patients

A major cause of morbidity and mortality in β-thalassemic patients is infections, assumed to be the result of immunological changes. To determine the possible defect, we investigated the cytokine productions by blood cells of β-thalassemic patients using in-vivo and in-vitro methods. Heparinized blood samples collected aseptically from 22 β-thalassemic children aged 10–12 yrs (half of them were splenectomized). Samples from 10 healthy children served as control group. Part of samples was used for evaluation of plasma IL-2, IL-10 and TGF-β1. Other part were stimulated with a mixture of LPS and PHA (1 and 10 μg/ml final concentration), for different time period (4, 24, 48 and 72 h). Results showed circulating TGF-β1 of splenectomized patients was significantly higher (p<0.01) than the control group. In-vitro results showed IL-2 production of patients’ groups were significantly (p<0.01) lower than corresponding value obtained for the control group. In addition, IL-10 production by splenectomized group were less than other two group (p<0.01), while their TGF-β1 were higher (p<0.001) at all time points treated. In conclusion, multi-transfusions could be responsible for a change in the subset of circulating lymphocytes that could contribute to a state of partial immune deficiency in β-thalassemic patients, which is more prominence among the splenectomized patient.